Leg Numbness

This article describes causes of numbness and tingling that appear only or mostly in legs (or feet or toes).

What Means Numbness and Tingling?
Numbness In the Arms, Hands and Fingers
Head/Face Numbness


EVERYDAY CAUSES OF LEG NUMBNESS

Sitting With Legs Crossed

Sitting with legs crossed, sitting on the foot, prolonged sitting or squatting, or a wallet in a back pocket may press on nerves in the leg resulting in leg “falling asleep” . This is due to direct pressure on leg nerves or due to cut-off of blood supply to these nerves (ischemia) because of compressed leg arteries. Symptoms:

  • numbness, tingling or inability to move a leg or foot
  • symptoms resolve in few seconds or minutes after pressure release and stretching the leg
  • in extreme situations prolonged leg crossing or other forceful position could cause prolonged or even permanent damage of peroneal nerve.

SCIATICA

Sciatica is a common name for lower back and leg pain, caused by any disorder involving sciatic nerve (listed below). Common symptoms are:

  • pain in the lower back and/or buttocks
  • pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg or foot, usually on one, but occasionally on both sides

Herniated Lumbar Disc

Bulging or herniated disc in lumbar spine (mostly between 4th and 5th lumbar, or 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebra) can press on roots of sciatic nerve that innervate the leg. A common cause is degenerative disc disease (DDD). A disc may herniate gradually or suddenly, usually after lifting a heavy object from the ground. Symptoms may include:

  • pain, tingling or numbness in the lower back, buttock, thigh, calf, or foot, usually only on one side
  • worsening of symptoms during sitting, prolonged standing on one place, sleeping, in certain movements, bending or lifting objects from the ground; symptoms may be relieved by walking or swimming
  • Cauda equina syndrome is typically caused by a large herniated lumbar disc that presses on lumbar nerves. In the lumbar spine the nerve roots and nerves are spread out like a “horse’s tail”, hence the Latin name “cauda equina”. Symptoms are frequently bilateral: low back pain, bilateral lower extremity weakness, numbness around the anus and on inner thighs (saddle anesthesia), bladder and bowel incontinence. These symptoms are a surgical emergency.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis is narrowing of spinal canal in lumbar region. It may be genetic, but it is usually due to age related overgrowth od vertebral bone that narrows the spinal canal. Symptoms are like in herniated lumbar disc (see above)

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis (Greek spondylo = spine, listhesis = to slip or slide) refers to slippage (usually forward) of a vertebra and the spine above it relative to the vertebra below. Disorder may be congenital, or due to age related degeneration, trauma or operative injury. Symptoms are like in herniated lumbar disc (see above).

Piriformis Syndrome

The piriformis muscle, which is located in the lower part of the spine, can have spasms that compress the sciatic nerve and causes low back pain. More about piriformis syndrome.

Spinal Tumors and Infections

Tumors and spine infections can compress the sciatic nerve and cause sciatica and back pain.

Pregnancy

During pregnancy, women often carry extra weight which puts pressure on the spine. This extra pressure can cause compression of the sciatic nerve and can cause low back pain. They symptoms usually go away after childbirth.

Leg Numbness After Surgery

Leg pain and numbness may appear after surgical fusion of lumbar vertebra.


Broken Leg / Foot

Symptoms of a broken leg may include:

  • pain, tenderness, or cramps made worse by movement
  • swelling
  • leg deformity or grating of bone ends
  • limited range of motion or inability to walk

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the tibial nerve at the level of the ankle or distally. Symptoms may include:

  • foot pain, numbness, tingling or burning on the inside of the ankle and the sole of the foot
  • foot weakness
  • symptoms are aggravated by standing and walking, and relieved by rest, but usually not completely

Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder of uncertain cause that results in irresistible urge to move your legs. Symptoms include:

  • creeping, tugging, itching, or pulling sensation in legs
  • symptoms worsen with rest
  • symptoms partially or completely resolve with moving legs
  • symptoms worsen at evening and may disrupt sleep

Transverse Myelitis

Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of the whole width of one segment of the spinal cord. The exact cause is unknown. It can occur at any age, but mainly in 2nd or 4th decade. Symptoms may include: 

  • localized lower back pain
  • burning, numbness,  or tingling in the legs
  • partial paralysis of the legs
  • urinary bladder and bowel dysfunction
  • headache, fever, and loss of appetite 
  • respiratory problems
  • weakness in the arms

HEREDITARY DISEASES

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a rare hereditary disease of nerves causing weakness and decreased sensation in legs (and sometimes arms). Symptoms include:

  • Weakness in your legs, ankles and feet
  • Loss of muscle bulk in legs and feet
  • High foot arches
  • Curled toes (hammertoes)
  • Numbness and pain in your legs and feet

Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome is inherited disorder of connective tissue; symptoms include long thin stature, joint hypermobility, leg pain, numbness around the knees

Diagnosis of Leg Numbness and Tingling

History. Pain starting in the back and radiating to the leg is mostly due to pressure on the sciatic nerve roots due to spine disorders.

Clinical examination. Special ambulatory tests, including detailed checking of sensitivity in the leg can reveal which nerves are involved

Investigations. MRI of the spine shows most of spinal disorders. X-ray shows broken bones in the leg.


How to Cure Leg Numbness and Tingling

To cure leg numbness and tingling, the cause has to be treated in most cases.

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Further Reading :
  • What is a Pinched Nerve?
  • Sciatic Nerve Pain – Causes and Symptoms
  • Causes of Tingling and Numbness (Paresthesia)