Thickening and Thinning of the skin
Ultraviolet rays can cause thickening as well as thinning of the skin. Usually, on the back of the neck the thick skin is found in the form of rough wrinkles that do not vanish even when the skin is outstretched. Yellow discoloration of the skin, coarse wrinkling are often studied under a condition known as solar elastosis. Ultraviolet exposure also causes thinning of the skin that leads towards skin tearing, fine wrinkles and easy bruising.
Changes in the skin’s blood vessels
Walls of blood vessels in the skin become thin because of ultraviolet exposure and this thinning leads towards bruising just with little disturbance in sun-exposed areas. Most of the bruising that occurs on sun-exposed skin takes place on the areas like backs of the hands, forearms, neck etc. Telangiectasias or appearance of the tiny blood vessels in the skin particularly of the face skin is another cause of ultraviolet radiation.
Changes in the pigment
Solar lentigo or freckle is considered the most noticeable sun-exposed pigment change. Freckles can be easily noticed in light-skinned people. Melanocyte or melanin-producing cell damage causes freckle. Large freckles that are also called age or liver spots are seen usually on the backs of the hands, shoulders, arms, chest and upper back.
Skin bumps and moles
Moles and crusty bumps also appear in sun-exposed areas because of ultraviolet radiation. Precancerous lesions that are also known as actinic keratoses that are usually found on the ears, face, backs of the hands also occur due to the sun exposure. Seborrheic keratoses that appear like small lumps also appear on the skin due to sun-exposure. Contrary to actinic keratoses, seborrheic keratoses are not cancerous.
Sun and skin cancer
It is a well known fact that the sun can cause skin cancer. Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are three main skin cancers. Among them Melanoma is considered the most harmful skin cancer as it spreads quicker than the other skin cancers while Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest kind of skin cancer and it tends to spread locally without metastasize. The second commonest skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma.
The risk of getting these skin cancers are determined by the lifetime exposure to the sun and pigment protection of the person.
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