“Type-2 Diabetes” is primarily responsible for a combination of abnormalities. Type-2 diabetes is a typical body condition in which the body cells are less reactive to the insulin produced by the body. Because of the body is less reactive to the insulin, it is necessary for the body to produce more insulin to maintain the normal metabolism.
Type-2 diabetes normally is not the sole result of the insulin resistance itself. To balance the resistance the pancreas will produce more insulin. The blood sugar levels will be at normal level in most of the people with insulin resistance. In some people, the pancreas fails to compensate the increasing need of insulin. In such cases the blood sugar level increases and this deficiency in the supply of insulin causes ‘type-2 diabetes’.
Type 2 Diabetes can best be understood as a problem arisen because of a considerable gap that is created in body in terms of deficient supply against the demand of insulin. The pancreas cannot cope up with increasing demand of insulin with insulin resistance as it produces too little insulin. The puzzle to be solved is the contribution of overweight for insulin resistance. According to studies fat cells are not just storage sites, it also produce fatty acids and the secretion of proteins such as leptin, resistin and adiponectin which obstructs the secretion and action of insulin in the body.
Besides the overweight persons, the people above the age 65 or those who have a family history of type-2 diabetes are at higher risks. A great number of children and youth are recently diagnosed with type-2 diabetes. Obese children and those who have a family history are at greater risk. Diabetes during pregnancy in women is also a risk factor. Around 50% of women who have this gestational diabetes are prone to type-2 diabetes after 10 years of delivery even it disappears normally after delivery.
There are other factors also responsible for the increase in the type2 diabetes cases across the globe. A crucial role is played by the ethnicity, race, and civilization also. Type-2 diabetes is common in African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders and North Americans compared to the white people. In the world the highest rate of type-2 diabetes can be seen in Native Americans lives in Arizona have 50% of their adults aged 30-64 with this disease.
Causes of Type-2 Diabetes
Primarily, type-2 diabetes usually developed after 40 years of age, a disease of later life. Over the years, the blood sugar level increases progressively before it reaches high to the normal range of diabetics.
Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose are the two conditions often cause type-2 diabetes and is known as pre-diabetes. Blood sugar levels are above normal and not high enough to the clinical diabetes in both of these pre-diabetes. About 20 million US adults have pre-diabetes and because of that they are more likely to develop type-2 diabetes. Pre-diabetes people also tend to become overweight, high blood pressure, abnormal lipid levels and higher risk of cardiovascular diseases like type-2 diabetes patients.
Genetic basis is a major cause of type-2 diabetes and its causes like insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. In addition to the genetic causes, the influence of old age, obesity and a couch potato lifestyle reveals the tendency to develop diabetes.
Fat distribution of the body is again an important factor. The fat stored in the abdominal area rather than the hips that are called the central obesity are also at a higher risk of developing diabetes.
Prevention is the Best Cure
It is possible to prevent the beginning of type-2 diabetes through proper diet and exercise. A clinical trial known as ‘Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)’ had shown the possibilities of diet and exercise that is for about 3,000 Americans were at a risk of developing type-2 diabetes that had impaired glucose tolerance. The people who are exercising regularly for 30 minutes daily and those who lose weight by 5%-7% can reduce their risk by 58% founded by a study. The study also shows that metformin (Glucophage), an oral diabetes drug also lowers the risk considerably less by 31 percent. Several studies however, impress upon the increased level of physical activity in the later years of life.
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