Bones, Joints, Muscles and Connective Tissue Diseases

Hip Pain and Hip Joint Pain – Causes and Other Symptoms

The hip is the area on the side of the buttock and is made up of several muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones. Hip pain is mainly due to disorders of the muscles, its tendons and or surrounding ligaments or may be due to the hip joint. The latter is more common and chronic hip joint problems are seen more frequently with >> Read More ...

Shoulder Pain Causes and Other Symptoms

Shoulder problems are common conditions and mainly present as pain and/or limited mobility. Although the more persistent problems tend to affect middle-aged and older people, any person can be afflicted with a shoulder problem like shoulder pain. This is largely due to the strain that the shoulder joint has to bear at >> Read More ...

Gout (Uric Acid Crystals in Joints) and Gouty Arthritis Attacks

What is gout? Gout is a disorder where uric acid crystals accumulate in and around the joints as a result of high levels of uric acid in the blood and tissue fluids (hyperuricemia). This leads to transient attacks of painful joint inflammation (gouty arthritis). Another similar condition which is caused by raised levels of >> Read More ...

Brittle Bones Tests, Scans and Other Diagnostic Investigations

Screening for osteoporosis in high risk groups like postmenopausal women, elderly men, or patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy is always advisable for early detection. Management of osteoporosis also requires recording of the baseline values of parameters for monitoring the progress of osteoporosis therapy. The >> Read More ...

Calcium and Vitamin D in Foods and Supplements for Bone Health

Calcium and vitamin D, specifically D3 or cholecalciferol, are essential for maintaining the strength and structural integrity of bones. While other nutrients also play an integral in bone development and strength, it is a deficiency of these two nutrients that have the most marked effect on integrity of the bone. >> Read More ...

Bone Strengthening Drugs for Osteoporotic Disease

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone mass and disturbed bone architecture. It can result in spontaneous fractures or fractures from minimal trauma. Osteoporosis is a major reason for the increased the risk of fracture in majority of postmenopausal women and to a certain extent in men, particularly >> Read More ...

Inflamed Joints (Arthritis) Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms

What is arthritis? Arthritis is the term for inflammation of the joint. It is usually characterized by pain and stiffness of the joint. While arthritis is more frequently seen in the elderly and often associated with wear and tear on the joint, it can also afflict young people and even children. The two more common types >> Read More ...

Coccyx Bone Pain (Tailbone Pain) – Coccydynia / Coccygodynia

The tailbone (coccyx) is the terminal part of the vertebral column – the collection of bones (vertebrae) that surround the spinal cord. It is referred to as the tailbone because of its appearance and since in the adult it is just a remnant of the actual tail-like protrusion in early fetal life (caudal eminence). >> Read More ...

Sacrum and Coccyx (Tailbone) of the Spine Anatomy and Pictures

Sacrum Anatomy The sacrum is a single wedge-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae. In childhood, the sacral vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs in much the same manner as the upper parts of the spinal column. However, around the age of 20 these vertebrae start to fuse by ossification of the >> Read More ...
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