Nose Burn Feeling (Burning Skin, Tip of Nose, Nostrils)

Meaning of Burning Nose

Most of us associate a burning sensation with a heat source but it is common symptom that usually indicates irritation or inflammation. The location of the burning sensation is usually the site of injury or tissue damage. Burning on the outer surface of the nose may be due to a number of causes, some of which are the same as burning inside the nose. Sometimes a burning sensation may precede the onset of pain or other symptoms and can therefore serve as an early warning of some nose problem.

Causes of Burning Outside Nose

The nose has both external and internal parts. It is important to identify where the burning is located as this can indicate possible causes.

On the surface we can see the nose as a protrusion from the face that starts from the forehead between the eyes (root of the nose) which extends downwards ending above the mouth by the upper lip. The broadening of the nose at the lower end accommodates two openings known as the nasal meatus which allows for the flow of air into and out of the body. The skin and cartilage of the sides of the nose and around the openings are known as the ala which form a rounded protrusion that we refer to as the tip of the nose.

The septum which is made up of cartilage separates the left and right side of the nose. Air flows in through each side, is  slowed down by the turbinate bones and warmed with the nasal cavity before making its way lower down the air passages. The paranasal sinuses connect with the nasal cavity which leads to the throat (nasopharynx). The lacrimal duct from the eyes also connects to the nasal passages. Therefore secretions from the paranasal sinuses or eyes, like mucus, pus or tears, will eventually reach the nasal cavity.

Trauma

Injury to the nose is not uncommon. It can occur with a blow to the face or a penetrating injury. Vigorous picking of the nose usually as a means to clear the nostrils can also lead to trauma of the outer nose. Excessive wiping of the nose often due to a runny nose is another possible cause of trauma especially over a long period of time or very vigorous wiping. Nose piercings are another possible cause of trauma to the nose which may become complicated if an infection arises at the site of the piercing.

Infection

Another common cause of burning of the outer nose is an infection usually of the nasal passages. The common cold is an acute viral infection where a runny nose and sneezing are the main symptoms. The inflammation may extend to the outer nose but usually burning is a result of excessive wiping. There are several different infectious agents that can cause rhinitis (nose inflammation) which may also affect the sinuses (sinusitis) or throat (pharyngitis).

Allergies

Allergies are another common cause of burning. Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic condition often associated with asthma and/or atopic dermatitis (eczema) especially in childhood. Often the eyes are affected as well and jointly it is known as rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergies are due to a hyperactivity of the immune system where it reacts to otherwise harmless substances. Pollen, house dust mite feces and animal fur/hair are some of the common inhaled triggers (allergens).

Skin Diseases

A number of skin diseases can affect the nose. Acne is a common skin condition where lesions such as pimples may occur on the nose. In fact the nose is a commonly affected site in facial acne. Burning may precede the development of a pimple. Sunburn is another common skin condition that may affect the nose. Contact dermatitis is a skin condition that arises when certain substances either irritate the skin or triggers an allergic reaction.

Air Pollution

Airborne pollutants like smoke and gases can also irritate the nose. The lining within the nasal cavity is highly sensitive and is more likely to be irritated by airborne pollutants. It can trigger sneezing and a runny nose. While the inflammation may extend to the outer nose, it is usually the excessive wiping that irritate the outer part of the nose. Some airborne pollutants can directly irritate exposed skin and in these instances it may not be limited to just the skin on the nose.

Other Causes

• Eye glasses (poorly fitting)
• Medication (side effects)
• Inhaled and smoked tobacco or illicit drugs
• Nasal sprays or drops (incorrect or overzealous administration)
• Frostbite (usually the tip of the nose is first affected)

Other Signs and Symptoms

A burning sensation on the outside of the nose may present with other signs and symptoms, depending on the cause. Common accompanying signs and symptoms include:

• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Redness of the nose
• Watery eyes and eye redness
• Sore throat
• Nasal tone to the voice

These are the other common signs and symptoms seen with conditions like allergic rhinitis and nose infections.

Treatment and Prevention

The treatment depends on the cause. Viral infections like a cold or flu does not require treatment and will usually resolve spontaneously within a few days. Bacterial infections require antibiotics. Allergies may require antihistamines, corticosteroids and other drugs to modulate the immune system. However, there are simple conservative measures that can sometimes relieve the burning but the underlying condition should be treated to prevent a recurrence of the burning sensation.

• Cold packs or running cool water can be applied to the outside of the nose to relieve the burning to some extent. Cold therapy should be avoided in frostbite.
• Properly fitting eyeglasses should be worn if this is the cause of the burning.
• Sunscreen must be applied liberally on the nose when outdoors and a wide brimmed hat should also be used.
• Repeated wiping of the nose should be avoided or at least minimized where possible.
• Protective head wear should be used in any sports, especially with contact sports, as the nose is prone to a fracture from a blow.
• New nose piercings should be properly cared for with disinfectant applications.